Opinion Formation

The “Opinion Formation” research group investigates how people can form their own independent opinions and what is required to make this possible on the part of lawmakers, society, the media, and online platforms.

Public opinion does not emerge in a single place or through a single actor. It emerges from a complex interplay among citizens, the media, platforms, politics, academia, civil society, businesses, and, increasingly, automated systems.

All of these actors pursue different goals, operate under different conditions, and influence in various ways which issues gain visibility and how they are evaluated.

Digitalization, platformization, and the use of artificial intelligence are raising classic questions about the democratic public sphere anew.

  • What is needed for people to form opinions freely and with full knowledge of the facts?
  • How do platforms change the visibility of information?
  • What are the consequences of disinformation, misinformation, and targeted manipulation?
  • And what responsibilities do the media, platforms, the state, and society bear?

Photo by Annie Spratt/Unsplash

Overview

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Article in Grimme Prize Publication

Basic Principles of Algorithmic Recommendation Systems for Public Service Media Offerings

In the 56th edition of the publication "Grimme-Preis", Jan-Hinrik Schmidt writes about algorithmic recommendation systems in public media and the issues involved.

Cover der Zeitschrift "Journalism"
Article in Journalism

‘X Journalism’: Exploring journalism’s diverse meanings through the names we give it

In their article, Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer, and Paul-Philip Solbach, together with their co-authors Laura Ahva, Mark Deuze, and Lorenz Matzat, introduce the concept of “X Journalism”: a tool for observing the evolution of journalism through the analysis of the ever-changing definitions of journalism.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Blog Article

The Tracking Dilemma

In their blog article, Matthias C. Kettemann and Florian Wittner, together with Juliana Abrusio and Ricardo Campos, take a close look at a draft law which is primarily aimed at combating "fake news", but which also has similarities to the NetzDG.

Recently released!

Governance of Information Intermediaries – Challenges and Solutions

Wolfgang Schulz and Stephan Dreyer have written a report on information intermediaries for the Swiss Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), in which they identify challenges and possible solutions in the area of governance.

Portrait Matthias Kettemann
Normative Order

The Normative Order of the Internet

In the journal Revista Culturas Jurídícas, Dr. Matthias Kettemann presents in the Portuguese version of an article his approaches to the emergence of a normative order on the Internet.

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Open Access

The Normative Order of the Internet

In his new book, Matthias C. Kettemann writes in detail about the emergence and nature of the normative order of the Internet.

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New Book

Navigating Normative Orders

Matthias C. Kettemann has published the book Navigating Normative Orders: Interdisciplinary Perspectives within the series Normative Orders. It will be published by Campus Verlag in July 2020.

Cover der Fachzeitschrift "Journalism Studies"
Artikel Journalism Studies

What Journalists Want and What They Ought to Do

In their article in the academic journal *Journalism Studies*, Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer, and Sascha Hölig analyze how journalists view themselves. Their analysis focuses not only on journalists’ own perceptions of their roles, but also on their audience’s expectations—that is, on what journalists want and are expected to do.

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Editorial in Medienkorrespondenz

From the Jury of the War Blinded Audio Play Prize

In his article in Medienkorrespondenz, Hans-Ulrich Wagner, as a member of the jury of the 69th Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden [War Blinded Audio Play Prize], describes the challenges the jury faced in making its decision and how they ultimately determined the winners.

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Article in the textbook

Media Law in Hamburg

Wolfgang Schulz and Keno Potthast have written a chapter on media law for the Nomos book "Landesrecht Hamburg".

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Presidency of the European Council

Mapping the Media-Relevant European Legislative Acts and Identification of Dependencies, Interface Areas and Conflicts

In advance of Germany’s presidency of the European Council in the second half of 2020, the HBI prepared a number of reports and investigative studies intended to serve as a basis for discussions for the EU Media Conference in July 2020 and the subsequent Focus Sessions. The aim of the HBI investigations was to identify opportunities for medium- and long-term improvement regarding the coherence of the European legislation regulating information and communication.

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Contribution to Anthology

Internet Governance

In his article for the anthology "IT-Recht [IT Law]", Matthias C. Kettemann describes the instruments and actors of Internet Governance.

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