Opinion Formation

The “Opinion Formation” research group investigates how people can form their own independent opinions and what is required to make this possible on the part of lawmakers, society, the media, and online platforms.

Public opinion does not emerge in a single place or through a single actor. It emerges from a complex interplay among citizens, the media, platforms, politics, academia, civil society, businesses, and, increasingly, automated systems.

All of these actors pursue different goals, operate under different conditions, and influence in various ways which issues gain visibility and how they are evaluated.

Digitalization, platformization, and the use of artificial intelligence are raising classic questions about the democratic public sphere anew.

  • What is needed for people to form opinions freely and with full knowledge of the facts?
  • How do platforms change the visibility of information?
  • What are the consequences of disinformation, misinformation, and targeted manipulation?
  • And what responsibilities do the media, platforms, the state, and society bear?

Photo by Annie Spratt/Unsplash

Overview

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

KI generiertes Symbolbild: Straße mit vielen Hürden
Opinions on the Social Media Ban

Why Banning Social Media Is Not the Solution

In Australia, children under the age of 16 will no longer be allowed to create social media profiles as of December 2025. More and more European countries are also planning to introduce age limits for social media. Dr. Stephan Dreyer, an expert on legal issues at the intersection of youth protection and data protection, explains that a ban would actually weaken youth protection and be disproportionate.

Tastatur mit einer goldfarbenen Taste, die ein weißes Abzeichen zeigt
Media Research Blog Post

Algorithmic Amplification of Negative Discourse as a Systemic Risk

How does attention-economy-driven algorithmic amplification of conflict-driven and negative-emotional communication distort public discourse? And does this distortion constitute a systemic risk under the Digital Services Act (DSA)? This blog article refers to our previous blogpost on "Platform Badges for Civic Communication", explains why such interventions are needed, and outlines how they could address these systemic risks.

Stephan Dreyer
Protection of Minors in the Media

Stephan Dreyer Appointed to Expert Commission

As part of a pilot project, the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Television (FSF) and the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM) are developing quality standards for automated and AI-supported evaluation systems, overseen by the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media (KJM). Dr. Stephan Dreyer is developing and conducting tests on automated and AI-supported evaluation systems for youth media protection.

Mehrere Hände halten Smartphones, darüber stilisierte Symbole für KI, Uhr, Glühbirne und Weltkugel
Safer Internet Day 2026

“He Just Does Everything Right. He’s Simply Smart” – Young People’s Perspectives on AI

AI applications are no longer used just for homework, but also as advisors and conversation partners. This blog post takes a look at young people's experiences with AI and shows that schools and parents often lack opportunities to discuss the role of AI in our daily lives. Safer Internet Day offers a good opportunity to start this conversation.

Cover of the report “Generative AI from the Perspective of Young People”
Publication on Safer Internet Day 2026

Generative AI from the Perspective of Young People

The use of generative AI, especially ChatGPT, is now firmly established among young people online. A study by Kira Thiel, Claudia Lampert and Eleysa Memis explores young people's views on generative AI, highlighting its significance in their daily lives.

Vier Personen im Gespräch bei der Veranstaltung zur Präsentation der Studie Dialogfunktion von
Public Service Media
Ideas from the Future Workshop

Reform of the State Media Treaty: An Opportunity for Dialogue in the Digital World

Hamburg, February 9, 2026: Public media has a new responsibility in the digital public sphere. They should not only broadcast content but also open spaces for debate and moderate and structure them reliably. A study entitled "The Dialogue Function of Public Service Media — Impulses from a Future Workshop for Media Policy," commissioned by the nonprofit think tank Agora Digitale Transformation and presented today at the Hamburg State Representation in Berlin, shows how this role change can be achieved and what reforms are necessary to make it happen.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers
Working Paper Available for Download

Public Service Media Enabling Dialogue

For the project “Dialog Formats in Public Service Media,” Magdalena Stratmann conducted a literature analysis on “The Role of Public Service Media as Enablers of Dialogue in Digitalized Societies.” This analysis is now available for download as a working paper.

Vorschau des Artikels von Christian Ollig auf epd Medien
Article for epd Medien

How the Digital Services Act (DSA) Regulates Platforms

U.S. politicians accuse the European Union of endangering freedom of expression with the Digital Services Act (DSA). However, media law expert Dr. Christian Ollig argues that the DSA actually protects users' opinions from arbitrary censorship by platform operators. It also gives users a legal basis to assert their freedom of expression against large platform operators at the European level.

Stephan Dreyer
Expert Opinion for the SMC

France Moves toward Stricter Social Media Regulations

France's National Assembly introduced a ban on social media for children and young people under the age of 15. Stephan Dreyer finds the French approach difficult. In a statement for the Science Media Center (SMC), Dreyer explains the limited scope of action available to individual EU countries regarding bans on social networks, as well as the possible effects of such a law in France.

Cover of the book
Contribution to an Anthology

Health Communication

Claudia Lampert, along with Prof. Dr. Eva Baumann and Dr. Bettina Fromm, published an article in the Health Sciences handbook that provides an overview of health communication. The handbook is now in its eighth edition.

Gregor Wiedemann
Expert Opinion for the SMC

Code of X’s Algorithm Published

X (formerly Twitter) has published the source code of the software that selects and evaluates posts for the “For You” feed. It is apparent that the feed is predominantly populated by AI, the basis of whose data is unclear. In an expert opinion for the Science Media Center, Dr. Gregor Wiedemann and other experts have explained why the publication is therefore not very meaningful.

NDR Hamburg Journal

AI-Generated Holocaust Distortions on Social Media Platforms

AI-generated images of the Holocaust that are entirely fictitious are becoming more prevalent on social media. A January 20, 2026, report by NDR in the Hamburg Journal shows why memorial sites view this development critically. Media researcher Jan-Hinrik Schmidt explains why the number of generative AI images is currently rising.

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