Order Formation

Communication spaces do not emerge on their own. They are shaped—by law, technology, social practices, economic interests, and institutional decisions. The “Order Formation” research group examines how rules emerge in such communication spaces, who is involved in shaping them, and how responsibility, power, and legitimacy are distributed.

The starting point is the observation that communication today takes place within complex ecosystems. Platforms set rules for content and behavior. Governments establish legal frameworks. Users develop their own practices. Companies design technical infrastructures. Civil society, academia, and the media play a role in monitoring, critiquing, and shaping these spaces.

The research group asks how order emerges from this interplay—and how this order can be aligned with democratic values, fundamental rights, and the common good.

In doing so, it combines three perspectives.

  • First, it focuses on structures: What legal, technical, and social frameworks shape communication spaces?
  • Second, it focuses on processes: How do rules emerge, how are they enforced, and how do they change?
  • Third, it concerns actors: Who makes decisions, who is affected, who bears responsibility, and who holds power?

These questions are examined at the national, European, and global levels. A key focus is on European platform regulation, particularly the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act.

Photo by Sasun Bughdaryan/Unsplash

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

Stephan Dreyer
Podcast "Die Justizreporter*innen"

Social Media: Harmful Enough to Require a Minimum Age?

Stephan Dreyer was a guest on the ARD podcast Die Justizreporter*innen, where he discussed social media bans for children and young people with reporters Egzona Hyseni and Philip Raillon. He warns against disproportionate interventions and emphasizes the ambivalent role of parents and the danger of negative side effects.

Jan-Hinrik Schmidt mit einem Mikrofon in der Hand.
Cohesion Study by ARD, ZDF, and Deutschlandradio

Social Cohesion and the Role of Public Service Media

ARD, ZDF, and Deutschlandradio—with scientific advice from Jan-Hinrik Schmidt—conducted a study to examine how the population perceives social cohesion and what role public broadcasters play in this. One finding was that more than half of respondents see them as making an important contribution to cohesion.

Claudia Lampert
Protecting Children and Young People in the Digital World

Claudia Lampert Appointed to Expert Commission

Dr. Claudia Lampert will be part of the expert commission appointed by the German federal government to examine the steps necessary for effective protection of children and young people in the media.

Screenshot of the website diskursmonitor, entry “Social Bots” by Gregor Wiedemann
Online Portal for Strategic Communication

Glossary Entry on “Social Bots”

Dr. Gregor Wiedemann wrote a glossary entry on “social bots” for Diskursmonitor, a collaborative online platform that aims to educate and document strategic communication. This topic is marked by major controversy in academia, some of which has played out in public.

Cover of the M&K journal, issue 3/2025
M&K 3/2025 as Special Issue

Diversity, Intersectionality, and Gender in Journalism

The third issue of M&K in 2025 is a special edition on "Diversity, Intersectionality, and Gender in Journalism," edited by Margreth Lünenborg, Ana-Nzinga Weiß, Yener Bayramoğlu, and Bernadette Uth. The nine articles are available open access on the Nomos eLibrary.

Cover of an article by Judith Möller et al. in the journal
Article in Journal of Communication

Positioning and Presentation of Articles in News Aggregators

In the study “Nudges for News Recommenders,” Dr. Nicolas Mattis, Lucien Heitz, Dr. Philipp K. Masur, Prof. Dr. Judith Möller, and Prof. Dr. Wouter van Atteveldt examine how the placement and presentation of environmental news in news aggregators can influence user behavior.

Dartscheibe mit roten Pfeilen an einer Wand.
Media Quiz

Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Media and Freedom of the Press?

Matthias C. Kettemann developed a quiz for the Leibniz Association and t-online's "Ten Questions, One Expert — The Science Quiz" format. The quiz focuses on the key question: "How does the U.S. media landscape differ from that in Germany?"

Cover of the Oxford Handbook
Digital Orders of the Future

Digital Constitutionalism Rethought

In a chapter of the Oxford Handbook of Digital Constitutionalism, Matthias C. Kettemann and Anna Sophia Tiedeke explore digital constitutionalism from the perspective of various normativities. These are the diverse rules, values, and organizing principles that shape the digital space.

Stephan Dreyer
Interview with Evangelische Pressedienst

Social Media Ban Only Possible at EU Level

Media legal expert Stephan Dreyer explains the legal hurdles to banning social media for under-16s in Germany. According to Stephan Dreyer, German politicians have no regulatory authority in this area due to the primacy of the European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA), which came into force in 2024. A ban could therefore only be implemented at EU level.

Eine hübsche junge Familie aus Vater, Mutter Kind blicken strahlend in die Kamera, im Vordergrund links ein Ringlicht
Project for State Media Authorities

Babies and Toddlers as Family Influencers

The HBI is conducting a qualitative and quantitative study to examine how babies and young children under the age of five are portrayed on commercial German-language 'family influencing' profiles on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. A team led by Dr. Claudia Lampert and Dr. Stephan Dreyer is discussing the findings in relation to the existing legal framework and media ethics considerations.

Martin Fertmann
Successfully Completed Doctorate

Congratulations, Martin Fertmann!

Martin Fertmann successfully defended his law doctoral thesis on the topic of “Human Rights Socialization on Online Platforms: On the Self-Description and External Description of the ‘Meta Oversight Board.” Congratulations!

Cover des Buchs "Recht der Digitalisierung"
Available Open Access

Law of Digitalization

Can the right legal framework meet the central challenges of digitization? This volume, edited by Prof. Dr. Matthias C. Kettemann, explores important new areas of law, the regulation of AI, the role of digital services, and the characteristics of effective technology policy and sensible innovation law.

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