Order Formation

Communication spaces do not emerge on their own. They are shaped—by law, technology, social practices, economic interests, and institutional decisions. The “Order Formation” research group examines how rules emerge in such communication spaces, who is involved in shaping them, and how responsibility, power, and legitimacy are distributed.

The starting point is the observation that communication today takes place within complex ecosystems. Platforms set rules for content and behavior. Governments establish legal frameworks. Users develop their own practices. Companies design technical infrastructures. Civil society, academia, and the media play a role in monitoring, critiquing, and shaping these spaces.

The research group asks how order emerges from this interplay—and how this order can be aligned with democratic values, fundamental rights, and the common good.

In doing so, it combines three perspectives.

  • First, it focuses on structures: What legal, technical, and social frameworks shape communication spaces?
  • Second, it focuses on processes: How do rules emerge, how are they enforced, and how do they change?
  • Third, it concerns actors: Who makes decisions, who is affected, who bears responsibility, and who holds power?

These questions are examined at the national, European, and global levels. A key focus is on European platform regulation, particularly the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act.

Photo by Sasun Bughdaryan/Unsplash

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Exam

Show Me Your Name and I’ll Tell You Who You Are!

In his contribution to the methodology section of the journal JURA - Juristische Ausbildung [Legal Education], Tobias Mast develops an advanced public law exam on fundamental rights and administrative procedural law.

Mehrere Menschen in einer U-Bahn, Zeitungen lesend.
Results of #UseTheNews-Study

Types of Information Orientation and Information Levels Among Young and Old News Audiences

Leonie Wunderlich and Sascha Hölig have examined how these patterns differ across and within three age groups and are investigating the connection to sociopolitical knowledge.

Cover der Publikation "The Law of Digital Globality"
Anthology

The Law of Global Digitality

A new anthology, co-edited by Matthias C. Kettemann, examines how the law regulates our digital future and how digital developments influence the law. It has been published as open access by Routledge.

Deckblatt des Arbeitspapiers "Stellungnahme zur Diskussionsentwurf zur Novellierung des Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrages (JMStV)"
Written Statement

Discussion Draft on the Amendment of the Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media

Wolfgang Schulz and Stephan Dreyer have leveled sharp criticism at the draft proposal for a new State Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media. The concept of a “minor protection mechanism” at the operating system level presented in the draft appears to be very cumbersome and complex compared to the expected implementation and its effects.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers  Reuters-Bericht 2022
Report for Download

Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2022

For the report on news consumption in an international comparison, surveys were conducted simultaneously in 46 countries in order to identify general trends as well as national characteristics.

Cover:
Youth Media Protection Report 6/22

Changes in Regulatory Approaches to Youth Media Protection

In the latest Youth Media Protection Report, Stephan Dreyer, Sünje Andresen, and Neda Wysocki examine the systematic changes in statutory youth media protection and the resulting regulatory advantages in managing interaction and communication risks. They also highlight the implementation challenges that this regulatory area will face in the coming years.

Logo des Journals "Internet Policy Review"
Open Access!

 Truth, Intention and Harm. Conceptual Challenges for Disinformation-targeted Governance

Naomi Appelman, Stephan Dreyer, Pranav Manjesh Bidare, and Keno C. Potthast discuss conceptual challenges in the context of disinformation governance. In doing so, they highlight why the current focus on the truth or falsity of information and the intent to deceive entails both risks and uncertainties.

Logo des Journals "Internet Policy Review"
Open Access!

Between Evidence and Policy: Bridging the Gap in Disinformation Regulation

In this article, Pranav Manjesh Bidare, Dr. Stephan Dreyer, and Dr. Clara Iglesias Keller discuss the empirical evidence regarding the governance of disinformation. The article is part of a three-part series that presents key considerations regarding the regulation of disinformation.

Martin Fertmann
Governance of Disinformation

Hybrid Institutions for Disinformation Governance

In this article, Martin Fertmann, Bharath Ganesh, Robert Gorwa, and Lisa-Maria Neudert discuss the potential of new institutions for the governance of disinformation. The article is part of a three-part series that presents key considerations regarding the governance of disinformation.

Cover
Importance of Broadcasting Archives

Working on the Media Memory of Society

In his article published in info7 – Das Magazin für Medien, Archive und Information, Hans-Ulrich Wagner writes about the situation of public broadcasting archives and their importance for users as well as for authors working for broadcasters.  

Deckblatt des Artikels "Not all who are bots are evil: 
A cross-platform analysis of 
automated agent governance"
Article in "New Media & Society"

Not All Who Are Bots Are Evil

In their article in "new media & society", the authors examine how bots are regulated on nine platforms and develop an analytical framework to create a generalizable normative framework for agent governance.

Cover eines Artikels zur Studienlage
Overview of the Research Literature

Synopsis of Studies on News Use and News Literacy of Adolescents and Young Adults in Germany

Leonie Wunderlich and Sascha Hölig have published a review of the research on news literacy among adolescents and young adults in Germany on behalf of the Federal Agency for Civic Education. It was produced as part of the #UseTheNews project.

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