Media Use and Its Societal Effects

How do people obtain information in digital media environments—and what are the consequences for individuals, society, and democracy?

The Media Use and Societal Effects (MUSE) research group investigates how people use news and other information-related content, how these practices are changing in the wake of technological and societal shifts, and what impact this has on individuals, the public, and democratic societies.

Digital Information Environments

Our research focuses on digital information environments. These include traditional news outlets such as news websites and journalism apps, as well as social media, search engines, messaging services, generative AI, and other digital information sources. We examine not only news in the narrow sense, but also a broader spectrum of political and social information that people encounter in their daily lives. We are particularly interested in how the boundaries between journalistic, algorithmic, social, and AI-based information sources are shifting, and what role these different actors play in shaping citizens’ understanding of society.

Information-Use Practices

A key focus of our research is on information-use practices. We examine how people assemble their personal repertoire of information across various platforms, evaluate information, verify its credibility, and deal with conflicting information. This includes, for example, the use of social media for political information, the evaluation and validation of information from generative AI systems, and participatory forms of information engagement. We explore how people search for, select, share, comment on, and integrate information into their daily lives.

Furthermore, we are interested in how new information sources become established. We examine the adoption and use of new technologies, the role of digital media in the socialization of adolescents and young adults, and the conscious or unconscious non-use of news and other information sources.

We also examine the mechanisms of information evaluation and trust-building, as well as how people assess the quality and reliability of information in complex digital information environments.

Societal and Individual Impacts

The research group examines not only how information is used but also its consequences. We are particularly interested in issues of civic engagement, political participation, opinion formation, and democratic agency.

We analyze how digital information environments influence political attitudes and behaviors and what role they play in political polarization, political self-efficacy, trust in institutions, and social cohesion. In doing so, we investigate both the consequences of (a lack of) information and those of misinformation and disinformation.

At the same time, we examine the individual consequences of media use. These include issues of social and societal connectedness, information overload, a sense of social orientation, and the ability to navigate complex information environments.

Research Profile

Methodologically, we combine surveys, digital behavioral data, content analysis, qualitative studies, and computer-assisted methods to capture media use and its consequences as comprehensively and realistically as possible. A particular focus is on combining survey data with digital trace data to better understand actual media behavior and its effects.

Our research is conducted in close collaboration with national and international partners, including GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Amsterdam, the University of Bremen, the University of Hamburg, Aalto University, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, and Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

Since 2013, we have been responsible for the German section of the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, one of the world’s most important comparative long-term studies on digital news and information use. Through this work, we provide key benchmarks on the development of news and information use in Germany and regularly contribute to the academic and public debate on the transformation of digital information environments.

The research group also maintains close ties with stakeholders from the media industry, politics, education, and civil society. We regularly share our research findings through lectures, workshops, and consulting and collaboration projects with journalists and media organizations, including the German Press Agency (dpa), ARD and its regional broadcasters, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle. In addition, we engage in dialogue with policymakers and educational institutions. These collaborations not only facilitate the transfer of scientific findings into practice but also provide important impetus for identifying socially relevant research questions and further developing our research.

The work of the research group’s members has been published in leading international journals, including the *Journal of Communication*, *Communication Theory*, *Communication Research*, *Public Opinion Quarterly*, *The International Journal of Press/Politics*, *Digital Journalism*, *New Media & Society*, *Information, Communication & Society*, *Journalism*, *Journalism Studies*, *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*, *International Journal of Communication*, *European Journal of Communication*, *Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media*, *Social Science Computer Review*, and *Computational Communication Research*. Our research has been funded by the DFG, NWO, BMFTR, DAAD, the state media authorities, and ARD and ZDF.

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Article in Zeitschrift der Initiative Minderheiten

Courts as Drivers of Social Progress between Škocjan and Topeka

Matthias C. Kettemann uses international court decisions to demonstrate how courts can drive social change and act as agents of minority protection.

Cover der Publikation "Fritz Bauer und das Radio" von Hans-Ulrich Wagner
Online Article

Fritz Bauer and the Radio

Dr. Hans Ulrich Wagner  examines how Fritz Bauer used radio to communicate legal reform, democratic values, and the confrontation with the Nazi past to a broad public.

Cover des Berichts "Künstliche Intelligenz, Intermediäre und Öffentlichkeit. Bericht an das BAKOM"
Recently published

Artificial Intelligence, Intermediaries, and the Public. Report to OFCOM

The report, authored by Stephan Dreyer and Wolfgang Schulz for the Swiss Federal Office of Communications (OFKOM), examines the influence of AI and information intermediaries on the formation of public opinion.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Blog Article

A Proposal for More Structured Normativity on the Internet

Matthias C. Kettemann argues for a more structured normative order of the Internet, highlighting how legal, technical, and social rules can jointly contribute to responsible Internet governance.

Vorschu der Publikation "Internationale Regeln für Soziale Medien: Menschenrechte wahren und Desinformation bekämpfen. Global Governance" Spotlight 2|2019
Available as Download

Safeguarding Human Rights and Fighting Disinformation

In the Global Governance Spotlight 2/2019, Matthias C. Kettemann examines the successes and deficits of previous norm-building processes and regulatory efforts in the field of social media, particularly at regional and global level.

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Open Access

How Do Intermediaries Shape News-Related Media Repertoires and Practices?

Based on focus groups and interviews, this study examines the role of online intermediaries such as search engines, social networking sites and video platforms in the political information repertoires of German users.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Review

Review of Caldarola/Schrey (2019), Big Data and the Law: An Introduction for Practitioners

Matthias C. Kettemann reviews Caldarola and Schrey’s introduction to the legal challenges of big data, highlighting how the book addresses key issues of data processing, data protection, and digital innovation.

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Article in Handbook

Blogs

Jan-Hinrik Schmidt provides an overview of blogs as an object of empirical social research and outlines methodological approaches for studying them.

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Article in Journal of Media Education

Public Childhood in Parent Blogs? Findings of a Survey of German-Speaking Parent Bloggers

Jan-Hinrik Schmidt and Kali Richter examine how parent blogs affect children's privacy and informational self-determination, highlighting the challenges they pose for protecting children's rights online.

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Available Online

Explaining Online News Engagement Based on Browsing Behavior: Creatures of Habit?

This study examines the extent to which traditional predictors of news consumption—such as age, gender, political interest, and trust in the media—influence preferences for three different ways of accessing news online.

Stephan Dreyer
Recently published

It’s Complicated: Protecting Minors from Harmful Media Content in Germany

His objective has the protection of minors from harmful media clearly in sight: to enable children and young people to grow up safely with media. Risks and dangers in media relations should be kept away from them. But creating laws for it is anything but easy. Who regulates what in the protection of minors from harmful media in Germany? Stephan Dreyer gives an overview.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Review

Review of Bechtold/Bosch, GWB: Act Against Restraints of Competition

Matthias C. Kettemann reviews Bechtold and Bosch’s commentary on the German Act Against Restraints of Competition, highlighting its relevance for legal debates on competition, regulation, and digital markets.

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