Media Use and Its Societal Effects

How do people obtain information in digital media environments—and what are the consequences for individuals, society, and democracy?

The Media Use and Societal Effects (MUSE) research group investigates how people use news and other information-related content, how these practices are changing in the wake of technological and societal shifts, and what impact this has on individuals, the public, and democratic societies.

Digital Information Environments

Our research focuses on digital information environments. These include traditional news outlets such as news websites and journalism apps, as well as social media, search engines, messaging services, generative AI, and other digital information sources. We examine not only news in the narrow sense, but also a broader spectrum of political and social information that people encounter in their daily lives. We are particularly interested in how the boundaries between journalistic, algorithmic, social, and AI-based information sources are shifting, and what role these different actors play in shaping citizens’ understanding of society.

Information-Use Practices

A key focus of our research is on information-use practices. We examine how people assemble their personal repertoire of information across various platforms, evaluate information, verify its credibility, and deal with conflicting information. This includes, for example, the use of social media for political information, the evaluation and validation of information from generative AI systems, and participatory forms of information engagement. We explore how people search for, select, share, comment on, and integrate information into their daily lives.

Furthermore, we are interested in how new information sources become established. We examine the adoption and use of new technologies, the role of digital media in the socialization of adolescents and young adults, and the conscious or unconscious non-use of news and other information sources.

We also examine the mechanisms of information evaluation and trust-building, as well as how people assess the quality and reliability of information in complex digital information environments.

Societal and Individual Impacts

The research group examines not only how information is used but also its consequences. We are particularly interested in issues of civic engagement, political participation, opinion formation, and democratic agency.

We analyze how digital information environments influence political attitudes and behaviors and what role they play in political polarization, political self-efficacy, trust in institutions, and social cohesion. In doing so, we investigate both the consequences of (a lack of) information and those of misinformation and disinformation.

At the same time, we examine the individual consequences of media use. These include issues of social and societal connectedness, information overload, a sense of social orientation, and the ability to navigate complex information environments.

Research Profile

Methodologically, we combine surveys, digital behavioral data, content analysis, qualitative studies, and computer-assisted methods to capture media use and its consequences as comprehensively and realistically as possible. A particular focus is on combining survey data with digital trace data to better understand actual media behavior and its effects.

Our research is conducted in close collaboration with national and international partners, including GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Amsterdam, the University of Bremen, the University of Hamburg, Aalto University, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, and Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

Since 2013, we have been responsible for the German section of the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, one of the world’s most important comparative long-term studies on digital news and information use. Through this work, we provide key benchmarks on the development of news and information use in Germany and regularly contribute to the academic and public debate on the transformation of digital information environments.

The research group also maintains close ties with stakeholders from the media industry, politics, education, and civil society. We regularly share our research findings through lectures, workshops, and consulting and collaboration projects with journalists and media organizations, including the German Press Agency (dpa), ARD and its regional broadcasters, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle. In addition, we engage in dialogue with policymakers and educational institutions. These collaborations not only facilitate the transfer of scientific findings into practice but also provide important impetus for identifying socially relevant research questions and further developing our research.

The work of the research group’s members has been published in leading international journals, including the *Journal of Communication*, *Communication Theory*, *Communication Research*, *Public Opinion Quarterly*, *The International Journal of Press/Politics*, *Digital Journalism*, *New Media & Society*, *Information, Communication & Society*, *Journalism*, *Journalism Studies*, *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*, *International Journal of Communication*, *European Journal of Communication*, *Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media*, *Social Science Computer Review*, and *Computational Communication Research*. Our research has been funded by the DFG, NWO, BMFTR, DAAD, the state media authorities, and ARD and ZDF.

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

KI generiertes Symbolbild: Straße mit vielen Hürden
Opinions on the Social Media Ban

Why Banning Social Media Is Not the Solution

In Australia, children under the age of 16 will no longer be allowed to create social media profiles as of December 2025. More and more European countries are also planning to introduce age limits for social media. Dr. Stephan Dreyer, an expert on legal issues at the intersection of youth protection and data protection, explains that a ban would actually weaken youth protection and be disproportionate.

Tastatur mit einer goldfarbenen Taste, die ein weißes Abzeichen zeigt
Media Research Blog Post

Algorithmic Amplification of Negative Discourse as a Systemic Risk

How does attention-economy-driven algorithmic amplification of conflict-driven and negative-emotional communication distort public discourse? And does this distortion constitute a systemic risk under the Digital Services Act (DSA)? This blog article refers to our previous blogpost on "Platform Badges for Civic Communication", explains why such interventions are needed, and outlines how they could address these systemic risks.

Stephan Dreyer
Protection of Minors in the Media

Stephan Dreyer Appointed to Expert Commission

As part of a pilot project, the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Television (FSF) and the German Association for Voluntary Self-Regulation of Digital Media Service Providers (FSM) are developing quality standards for automated and AI-supported evaluation systems, overseen by the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media (KJM). Dr. Stephan Dreyer is developing and conducting tests on automated and AI-supported evaluation systems for youth media protection.

Mehrere Hände halten Smartphones, darüber stilisierte Symbole für KI, Uhr, Glühbirne und Weltkugel
Safer Internet Day 2026

“He Just Does Everything Right. He’s Simply Smart” – Young People’s Perspectives on AI

AI applications are no longer used just for homework, but also as advisors and conversation partners. This blog post takes a look at young people's experiences with AI and shows that schools and parents often lack opportunities to discuss the role of AI in our daily lives. Safer Internet Day offers a good opportunity to start this conversation.

Cover of the report “Generative AI from the Perspective of Young People”
Publication on Safer Internet Day 2026

Generative AI from the Perspective of Young People

The use of generative AI, especially ChatGPT, is now firmly established among young people online. A study by Kira Thiel, Claudia Lampert and Eleysa Memis explores young people's views on generative AI, highlighting its significance in their daily lives.

Vier Personen im Gespräch bei der Veranstaltung zur Präsentation der Studie Dialogfunktion von
Public Service Media
Ideas from the Future Workshop

Reform of the State Media Treaty: An Opportunity for Dialogue in the Digital World

Hamburg, February 9, 2026: Public media has a new responsibility in the digital public sphere. They should not only broadcast content but also open spaces for debate and moderate and structure them reliably. A study entitled "The Dialogue Function of Public Service Media — Impulses from a Future Workshop for Media Policy," commissioned by the nonprofit think tank Agora Digitale Transformation and presented today at the Hamburg State Representation in Berlin, shows how this role change can be achieved and what reforms are necessary to make it happen.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers
Working Paper Available for Download

Public Service Media Enabling Dialogue

For the project “Dialog Formats in Public Service Media,” Magdalena Stratmann conducted a literature analysis on “The Role of Public Service Media as Enablers of Dialogue in Digitalized Societies.” This analysis is now available for download as a working paper.

Vorschau des Artikels von Christian Ollig auf epd Medien
Article for epd Medien

How the Digital Services Act (DSA) Regulates Platforms

U.S. politicians accuse the European Union of endangering freedom of expression with the Digital Services Act (DSA). However, media law expert Dr. Christian Ollig argues that the DSA actually protects users' opinions from arbitrary censorship by platform operators. It also gives users a legal basis to assert their freedom of expression against large platform operators at the European level.

Stephan Dreyer
Expert Opinion for the SMC

France Moves toward Stricter Social Media Regulations

France's National Assembly introduced a ban on social media for children and young people under the age of 15. Stephan Dreyer finds the French approach difficult. In a statement for the Science Media Center (SMC), Dreyer explains the limited scope of action available to individual EU countries regarding bans on social networks, as well as the possible effects of such a law in France.

Cover of the book
Contribution to an Anthology

Health Communication

Claudia Lampert, along with Prof. Dr. Eva Baumann and Dr. Bettina Fromm, published an article in the Health Sciences handbook that provides an overview of health communication. The handbook is now in its eighth edition.

Gregor Wiedemann
Expert Opinion for the SMC

Code of X’s Algorithm Published

X (formerly Twitter) has published the source code of the software that selects and evaluates posts for the “For You” feed. It is apparent that the feed is predominantly populated by AI, the basis of whose data is unclear. In an expert opinion for the Science Media Center, Dr. Gregor Wiedemann and other experts have explained why the publication is therefore not very meaningful.

NDR Hamburg Journal

AI-Generated Holocaust Distortions on Social Media Platforms

AI-generated images of the Holocaust that are entirely fictitious are becoming more prevalent on social media. A January 20, 2026, report by NDR in the Hamburg Journal shows why memorial sites view this development critically. Media researcher Jan-Hinrik Schmidt explains why the number of generative AI images is currently rising.

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