Media Use and Its Societal Effects

How do people obtain information in digital media environments—and what are the consequences for individuals, society, and democracy?

The Media Use and Societal Effects (MUSE) research group investigates how people use news and other information-related content, how these practices are changing in the wake of technological and societal shifts, and what impact this has on individuals, the public, and democratic societies.

Digital Information Environments

Our research focuses on digital information environments. These include traditional news outlets such as news websites and journalism apps, as well as social media, search engines, messaging services, generative AI, and other digital information sources. We examine not only news in the narrow sense, but also a broader spectrum of political and social information that people encounter in their daily lives. We are particularly interested in how the boundaries between journalistic, algorithmic, social, and AI-based information sources are shifting, and what role these different actors play in shaping citizens’ understanding of society.

Information-Use Practices

A key focus of our research is on information-use practices. We examine how people assemble their personal repertoire of information across various platforms, evaluate information, verify its credibility, and deal with conflicting information. This includes, for example, the use of social media for political information, the evaluation and validation of information from generative AI systems, and participatory forms of information engagement. We explore how people search for, select, share, comment on, and integrate information into their daily lives.

Furthermore, we are interested in how new information sources become established. We examine the adoption and use of new technologies, the role of digital media in the socialization of adolescents and young adults, and the conscious or unconscious non-use of news and other information sources.

We also examine the mechanisms of information evaluation and trust-building, as well as how people assess the quality and reliability of information in complex digital information environments.

Societal and Individual Impacts

The research group examines not only how information is used but also its consequences. We are particularly interested in issues of civic engagement, political participation, opinion formation, and democratic agency.

We analyze how digital information environments influence political attitudes and behaviors and what role they play in political polarization, political self-efficacy, trust in institutions, and social cohesion. In doing so, we investigate both the consequences of (a lack of) information and those of misinformation and disinformation.

At the same time, we examine the individual consequences of media use. These include issues of social and societal connectedness, information overload, a sense of social orientation, and the ability to navigate complex information environments.

Research Profile

Methodologically, we combine surveys, digital behavioral data, content analysis, qualitative studies, and computer-assisted methods to capture media use and its consequences as comprehensively and realistically as possible. A particular focus is on combining survey data with digital trace data to better understand actual media behavior and its effects.

Our research is conducted in close collaboration with national and international partners, including GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Amsterdam, the University of Bremen, the University of Hamburg, Aalto University, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, and Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

Since 2013, we have been responsible for the German section of the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, one of the world’s most important comparative long-term studies on digital news and information use. Through this work, we provide key benchmarks on the development of news and information use in Germany and regularly contribute to the academic and public debate on the transformation of digital information environments.

The research group also maintains close ties with stakeholders from the media industry, politics, education, and civil society. We regularly share our research findings through lectures, workshops, and consulting and collaboration projects with journalists and media organizations, including the German Press Agency (dpa), ARD and its regional broadcasters, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle. In addition, we engage in dialogue with policymakers and educational institutions. These collaborations not only facilitate the transfer of scientific findings into practice but also provide important impetus for identifying socially relevant research questions and further developing our research.

The work of the research group’s members has been published in leading international journals, including the *Journal of Communication*, *Communication Theory*, *Communication Research*, *Public Opinion Quarterly*, *The International Journal of Press/Politics*, *Digital Journalism*, *New Media & Society*, *Information, Communication & Society*, *Journalism*, *Journalism Studies*, *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*, *International Journal of Communication*, *European Journal of Communication*, *Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media*, *Social Science Computer Review*, and *Computational Communication Research*. Our research has been funded by the DFG, NWO, BMFTR, DAAD, the state media authorities, and ARD and ZDF.

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

Open Access Publication

Determinants of Verification Behavior in Generative Search

Generative AI is being increasingly integrated into search engines, but it has been criticized for producing content that sounds plausible yet is sometimes inaccurate. Little is currently known about the factors that prompt users to verify these responses. The study by Eva-Luise Knor, Michael V. Reiss, Judith Möller, and Lisa Merten addresses this knowledge gap.

Recently Published

Platforms, Online Surveillance, and the European Union: The Digital Services Act (DSA)

In their open-access article, Prof. Dr. Judith Möller, Ronan Ó Fathaigh, Bengi Zeybek, and Rocco Bellanova explore how the DSA facilitates public and private surveillance practices regarding content disseminated on online platforms.

Cover of issue 2/2026 M&K
Open Access Publication

M&K 2/2026 Has Been Published

The February 2026 issue of M&K features articles that explore the understanding of roles and the transformative potential of peripheral actors in the DACH region. Other articles examine developments in sports coverage in German daily newspapers from 2011 to 2021 and the usage patterns of ChatGPT, as well as anthropomorphic role attributions. You can download all of these articles free of charge.

Front Page of the Working Paper
Working Paper Available for Download

Babies and Toddlers in Family Influencing

In what ways and how often are babies and young children (ages 0–5) depicted on commercially oriented German-language social media profiles on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube? Stephan Dreyer, Claudia Lampert, Kira Thiel, and others analyze this question using qualitative and quantitative methods. They also critically discuss the findings in light of the applicable legal framework and media ethics considerations.

Open Access Publication

Assessing Age Assurance Technologies: Effectiveness, Side-Effects, and Acceptance

In the article “Assessing Age Assurance Technologies: Effectiveness, Side-Effects, and Acceptance,” Dr. Wouter Lueks, Dr. Stephan Dreyer, Prof. Dr. Hannes Federrath, and Prof. Dr. Judith Simon analyze existing age verification methods.

Test Your Knowledge!

Quiz on Public Broadcasting

How long has public broadcasting existed in Germany? How long has commercial television been around? What is the current monthly broadcasting license fee in Germany? Dr. Hans-Ulrich Wagner asks and answers these and other questions on "Ten Questions, One Expert — The Science Quiz," the quiz series produced by the Leibniz Association and t-online.

Rulings against Meta and Alphabet

Meta and Alphabet Are Liable for Addictive Design

Following two significant court rulings against Meta and Alphabet in the U.S. (March 25 and 26, 2026), media law expert Matthias C. Kettemann explains in various interviews the implications of the decisions and what specific changes the platforms might face in the future.

Preisverleihung
Congratulations!

Award for Jan Rau

Jan Rau won first prize in the 2026 Young Scholar Award at this year's annual conference of the German Communication Association (DGPuK). He received the award for his German-language article on "Algorithmic Visibility of Election Campaign Communication on TikTok: Personalization, Conflicts, and Politainment in the 2025 Federal Election Campaign".

Call for Papers

Digitalisation Research Seminar (DigiSem) 2026

The theme of this year's Digitalisation Research Seminar (DigiSem) is "Balancing Digital Safety between Risks, Rights, and Regulation." The seminar will take place in Berlin on September 21–22. Early-career researchers are invited to present their work at the event. Abstracts can be submitted as of April 1.

Katharina Mosene
Digital Violence Against Women Online

Katharina Mosene on the Proposed Law on Protection against Digital Violence

Minister of Justice Stefanie Hubig wants to quickly introduce legislation against digital violence. However, that alone is not enough. On the program @mediasres, Sebastian Wellendorf speaks with Katharina Mosene about digital violence against women online, addressing it as a structural problem and discussing the proposed legislation and social responsibility.

Eine Fernbedienung zeigt auf einen Bildschirm mit unscharfen bunten Bildern
Transparency Regarding Ownership Structure

Who Owns Europe’s Media?

Hamburg, March 17, 2026: The new Euromedia Ownership Monitor (EurOMo) maps 1,400 media companies and their controlling entities. A search engine allows journalists, regulatory authorities, and the public to track media ownership and control across borders. A public webinar in March will introduce the new features.

Matthias C. Kettemann
Expert Opinion for the SMC

EU Proceedings Against X: Platform Submits Proposal for Remedial Measures

In December 2025, the European Commission imposed its first-ever fine for violations of the Digital Services Act (DSA): X must pay a fine of 120 million euros and rectify the issues in question. In his statement to the Science Media Center, Matthias C. Kettemann clarifies: “The DSA is an important and, by now, credible instrument of European platform regulation.”

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