Opinion Formation

The “Opinion Formation” research group investigates how people can form their own independent opinions and what is required to make this possible on the part of lawmakers, society, the media, and online platforms.

Public opinion does not emerge in a single place or through a single actor. It emerges from a complex interplay among citizens, the media, platforms, politics, academia, civil society, businesses, and, increasingly, automated systems.

All of these actors pursue different goals, operate under different conditions, and influence in various ways which issues gain visibility and how they are evaluated.

Digitalization, platformization, and the use of artificial intelligence are raising classic questions about the democratic public sphere anew.

  • What is needed for people to form opinions freely and with full knowledge of the facts?
  • How do platforms change the visibility of information?
  • What are the consequences of disinformation, misinformation, and targeted manipulation?
  • And what responsibilities do the media, platforms, the state, and society bear?

Photo by Annie Spratt/Unsplash

Overview

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Article in Handbook

This is Not a Drill”: International Law and Protection of Cybersecurity

Matthias C. Kettemann examines the role of international law in protecting cybersecurity and explores how legal norms can address cross-border digital threats.

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Introduction to Handbook

Introduction to the Handbook Human Rights and Digital Technology

Matthias C. Kettemann introduces the key questions of the handbook and explores how digital technologies create new challenges for human rights, global governance, and legal regulation.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Blog Article

How an Online Order Fights Fragmentation

The Internet will not fall apart. Matthias C. Kettemann explains in the Digital Society Blog, a normative shift has taken place on the Internet, leading to the emergence of a normative order for the Internet.

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Contribution to Handbook

Talking to People I: Surveys

In their contribution to the Palgrave Handbook of Methods for Media Policy Research, Uwe Hasebrink and Sascha Hölig write about one of the most important tools in communication science: the survey.

Cover der Publikation "Schriftliche Stellungnahme zum zweiten Diskussionsentwurf eines Medienstaatsvertrages der Länder"
Written Statement

Written Statement on the Second Draft of an Interstate Media Treaty

The new Interstate Media Treaty (MStV) is supposed to modernise media regulation and adapt it to new forms of offerings and usage. Like the first version, the core of the revised draft aims to include new media actors in the scope of application of the State Treaty. The media law experts Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulz and Dr. Stephan Dreyer have again published a statement on this draft.

Cover der Publikation "Non-commemorative memory in news production"
“Memory” in Journalistic Practice

Non-Commemorative Memory in News Production

This paper, published by Irene Broer and lead author Stefanie Trümper in the journal *Memory Studies*, explores how media professionals incorporate memories of historical events into their journalistic work.

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Journal Article

Uses of the Past in Refugee Documentaries in Sweden and Germany

The article by Hans-Ulrich Wagner and guest researcher Philipp Seuferling in the journal Media History focuses on the memory culture of migration in the media on a theoretical and empirical level.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Article on Tagesspiegel

The Internet for Everyone

We don’t need new fundamental and human rights for the “Internet age.” The rules already in place are sufficient. They just need to be applied in a way that takes technology into account, argues Dr. Matthias Kettemann in the "Tagesspiegel".

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Völkerrechtsblog

The GDPR and Algorithmic Decision-Making

Stephan Dreyer and Wolfgang Schulz ask the following question in their contribution to the Völkerrechtsblog [international law blog]: To what extent can the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) protect the interests of individuals, groups and society as a whole that appear to be threatened by algorithmic decision-making systems?

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Media Education

Media Education from the Perspective of the Constitution

In the volume Medienerziehung in der digitalen Welt. Grundlagen und Konzepte für Familie, Kita, Schule und Soziale Arbeit [Media Education in the Digital World. Foundations and Concepts for Family, Kita, School and Social Work], Stephan Dreyer writes about media education from a constitutional point of view.

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Local journalism reloaded

Molo.news: Experimentally Developing a Relational Platform for Local Journalism

Andreas Hepp (ZeMKI, University of Bremen) and Wiebke Loosen present the project molo.news in an article in the journal Media and Communication. They developed an online platform for local journalism based on the findings of previous interviews, group discussions and surveys.

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