Opinion Formation

The “Opinion Formation” research group investigates how people can form their own independent opinions and what is required to make this possible on the part of lawmakers, society, the media, and online platforms.

Public opinion does not emerge in a single place or through a single actor. It emerges from a complex interplay among citizens, the media, platforms, politics, academia, civil society, businesses, and, increasingly, automated systems.

All of these actors pursue different goals, operate under different conditions, and influence in various ways which issues gain visibility and how they are evaluated.

Digitalization, platformization, and the use of artificial intelligence are raising classic questions about the democratic public sphere anew.

  • What is needed for people to form opinions freely and with full knowledge of the facts?
  • How do platforms change the visibility of information?
  • What are the consequences of disinformation, misinformation, and targeted manipulation?
  • And what responsibilities do the media, platforms, the state, and society bear?

Photo by Annie Spratt/Unsplash

Overview

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Article in Zeitschrift der Initiative Minderheiten

Courts as Drivers of Social Progress between Škocjan and Topeka

Matthias C. Kettemann uses international court decisions to demonstrate how courts can drive social change and act as agents of minority protection.

Cover der Publikation "Fritz Bauer und das Radio" von Hans-Ulrich Wagner
Online Article

Fritz Bauer and the Radio

Dr. Hans Ulrich Wagner  examines how Fritz Bauer used radio to communicate legal reform, democratic values, and the confrontation with the Nazi past to a broad public.

Cover des Berichts "Künstliche Intelligenz, Intermediäre und Öffentlichkeit. Bericht an das BAKOM"
Recently published

Artificial Intelligence, Intermediaries, and the Public. Report to OFCOM

The report, authored by Stephan Dreyer and Wolfgang Schulz for the Swiss Federal Office of Communications (OFKOM), examines the influence of AI and information intermediaries on the formation of public opinion.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Blog Article

A Proposal for More Structured Normativity on the Internet

Matthias C. Kettemann argues for a more structured normative order of the Internet, highlighting how legal, technical, and social rules can jointly contribute to responsible Internet governance.

Vorschu der Publikation "Internationale Regeln für Soziale Medien: Menschenrechte wahren und Desinformation bekämpfen. Global Governance" Spotlight 2|2019
Available as Download

Safeguarding Human Rights and Fighting Disinformation

In the Global Governance Spotlight 2/2019, Matthias C. Kettemann examines the successes and deficits of previous norm-building processes and regulatory efforts in the field of social media, particularly at regional and global level.

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Open Access

How Do Intermediaries Shape News-Related Media Repertoires and Practices?

Based on focus groups and interviews, this study examines the role of online intermediaries such as search engines, social networking sites and video platforms in the political information repertoires of German users.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Review

Review of Caldarola/Schrey (2019), Big Data and the Law: An Introduction for Practitioners

Matthias C. Kettemann reviews Caldarola and Schrey’s introduction to the legal challenges of big data, highlighting how the book addresses key issues of data processing, data protection, and digital innovation.

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Article in Handbook

Blogs

Jan-Hinrik Schmidt provides an overview of blogs as an object of empirical social research and outlines methodological approaches for studying them.

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Article in Journal of Media Education

Public Childhood in Parent Blogs? Findings of a Survey of German-Speaking Parent Bloggers

Jan-Hinrik Schmidt and Kali Richter examine how parent blogs affect children's privacy and informational self-determination, highlighting the challenges they pose for protecting children's rights online.

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Available Online

Explaining Online News Engagement Based on Browsing Behavior: Creatures of Habit?

This study examines the extent to which traditional predictors of news consumption—such as age, gender, political interest, and trust in the media—influence preferences for three different ways of accessing news online.

Stephan Dreyer
Recently published

It’s Complicated: Protecting Minors from Harmful Media Content in Germany

His objective has the protection of minors from harmful media clearly in sight: to enable children and young people to grow up safely with media. Risks and dangers in media relations should be kept away from them. But creating laws for it is anything but easy. Who regulates what in the protection of minors from harmful media in Germany? Stephan Dreyer gives an overview.

Portrait Matthias C. Kettemann
Review

Review of Bechtold/Bosch, GWB: Act Against Restraints of Competition

Matthias C. Kettemann reviews Bechtold and Bosch’s commentary on the German Act Against Restraints of Competition, highlighting its relevance for legal debates on competition, regulation, and digital markets.

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