Opinion Formation

The “Opinion Formation” research group investigates how people can form their own independent opinions and what is required to make this possible on the part of lawmakers, society, the media, and online platforms.

Public opinion does not emerge in a single place or through a single actor. It emerges from a complex interplay among citizens, the media, platforms, politics, academia, civil society, businesses, and, increasingly, automated systems.

All of these actors pursue different goals, operate under different conditions, and influence in various ways which issues gain visibility and how they are evaluated.

Digitalization, platformization, and the use of artificial intelligence are raising classic questions about the democratic public sphere anew.

  • What is needed for people to form opinions freely and with full knowledge of the facts?
  • How do platforms change the visibility of information?
  • What are the consequences of disinformation, misinformation, and targeted manipulation?
  • And what responsibilities do the media, platforms, the state, and society bear?

Photo by Annie Spratt/Unsplash

Overview

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

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Legal Evaluation

Press Code of the Baden Württemberg Police

Tobias Mast examines the “Press Code” of the Baden-Württemberg police and provides a legal assessment of the rules governing the relationship between the police, the public, and the media.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers Plattformregulierung
Working paper Nr. 61

Platform Regulation in the 2021 Super Election Year

The paper provides real-time data on how online platforms regulate communication, how laws and local standards interact, and how the platforms’ practices are changing in the shadow of EU regulation amid the German federal election.

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Dealing with COVID-19 Fake News

Much Ado about Little

In their contribution to a collection of papers published by “The Hague Program for Cyber Norms” and Leiden University, Matthias C. Kettemann and Martin Fertmann explain how disinformation about COVID-19 is being combated in Germany and what legal issues arise in this context.

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Politicians on Social Media

Facebook and Twitter Use of Candidates in the 2021 Federal Election

In the current issue of "Media Perspektiven", Jan-Hinrik Schmidt describes how the candidates for the 2021 Bundestag election used social media.

Cover der "Communicatio Socialis",
Media Usage Practices and Feelings of Belonging

Media Use and Social Cohesion

Is there a connection between media usage patterns and feelings of connectedness to local, national, regional, or global communities? Hannah Immler and Sascha Hölig provide answers in the journal “Communicatio Socialis” based on analyses of secondary data.

Cover der Zeitschrift "Journal of
Article in the Journal of Information Policy

Competent Third Parties and Content Moderation on Platforms:

In their article, Amélie Heldt and Stephan Dreyer discuss content moderation and the potential of independent decision-making bodies on online platforms. It has been published as open access in the "Journal of Information Policy".

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Anthology With Audio-Visual Quotations

Genuinely Staged: Historical Authenticity and Media in Modernity

In the edited volume, Hans-Ulrich Wagner, Christoph Classen and Achim Saupe, together with other scholars, examine how historical authenticity is constructed through media while showcasing an innovative open-access publication format featuring audiovisual citations.

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Handbuch Computational Social Science

From Frequency Counts to Contextualized Word Embeddings: The Saussurean Turn in Automatic Content Analysis

Gregor Wiedemann and Cornelia Fedtke illustrate in their contribution to the "Handbook of Computational Social Science" the semantic shift of the term "gold pieces" in the context of hate speech in the German Facebook discourse.

Cover: Zeitschrift Media Perspektiven, 11/2021
News Consumption in Germany

Findings from the 2021 Reuters Institute Digital News Survey

In the latest issue of Media Perspektiven, Sascha Hölig and Julia Behre present current trends in news consumption in Germany. The article is based on data from the 2021 Reuters Institute Digital News Survey.

Cover des Arbeitspapiers Zusammenhaltssensibler Journalismus
Discussion Paper for Download

Cohesion-Sensitive Journalism

A research group at the HBI discussed the role of journalism in social cohesion with experts from the fields of journalism, academia, integration work, and NGOs.

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Science Policy in Dialogue

Science Communication and Its Promotion from a Constitutional Perspective

In their article for “Science Policy in Dialogue,” a series published by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Wolfgang Schulz and Keno C. Potthast discuss science communication in the context of legal protection and the need for regulation.

Empty rows of swivel chairs in a meeting hall or parliament chamber.
Platform Governance

Can Platforms Cancel Politicians?

An international study led by the HBI provides a first comparative overview of how societies and governments in 15 countries react to private power over political actors.

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