Media Use and Its Societal Effects

How do people obtain information in digital media environments—and what are the consequences for individuals, society, and democracy?

The Media Use and Societal Effects (MUSE) research group investigates how people use news and other information-related content, how these practices are changing in the wake of technological and societal shifts, and what impact this has on individuals, the public, and democratic societies.

Digital Information Environments

Our research focuses on digital information environments. These include traditional news outlets such as news websites and journalism apps, as well as social media, search engines, messaging services, generative AI, and other digital information sources. We examine not only news in the narrow sense, but also a broader spectrum of political and social information that people encounter in their daily lives. We are particularly interested in how the boundaries between journalistic, algorithmic, social, and AI-based information sources are shifting, and what role these different actors play in shaping citizens’ understanding of society.

Information-Use Practices

A key focus of our research is on information-use practices. We examine how people assemble their personal repertoire of information across various platforms, evaluate information, verify its credibility, and deal with conflicting information. This includes, for example, the use of social media for political information, the evaluation and validation of information from generative AI systems, and participatory forms of information engagement. We explore how people search for, select, share, comment on, and integrate information into their daily lives.

Furthermore, we are interested in how new information sources become established. We examine the adoption and use of new technologies, the role of digital media in the socialization of adolescents and young adults, and the conscious or unconscious non-use of news and other information sources.

We also examine the mechanisms of information evaluation and trust-building, as well as how people assess the quality and reliability of information in complex digital information environments.

Societal and Individual Impacts

The research group examines not only how information is used but also its consequences. We are particularly interested in issues of civic engagement, political participation, opinion formation, and democratic agency.

We analyze how digital information environments influence political attitudes and behaviors and what role they play in political polarization, political self-efficacy, trust in institutions, and social cohesion. In doing so, we investigate both the consequences of (a lack of) information and those of misinformation and disinformation.

At the same time, we examine the individual consequences of media use. These include issues of social and societal connectedness, information overload, a sense of social orientation, and the ability to navigate complex information environments.

Research Profile

Methodologically, we combine surveys, digital behavioral data, content analysis, qualitative studies, and computer-assisted methods to capture media use and its consequences as comprehensively and realistically as possible. A particular focus is on combining survey data with digital trace data to better understand actual media behavior and its effects.

Our research is conducted in close collaboration with national and international partners, including GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Amsterdam, the University of Bremen, the University of Hamburg, Aalto University, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, and Friedrich Schiller University Jena.

Since 2013, we have been responsible for the German section of the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, one of the world’s most important comparative long-term studies on digital news and information use. Through this work, we provide key benchmarks on the development of news and information use in Germany and regularly contribute to the academic and public debate on the transformation of digital information environments.

The research group also maintains close ties with stakeholders from the media industry, politics, education, and civil society. We regularly share our research findings through lectures, workshops, and consulting and collaboration projects with journalists and media organizations, including the German Press Agency (dpa), ARD and its regional broadcasters, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle. In addition, we engage in dialogue with policymakers and educational institutions. These collaborations not only facilitate the transfer of scientific findings into practice but also provide important impetus for identifying socially relevant research questions and further developing our research.

The work of the research group’s members has been published in leading international journals, including the *Journal of Communication*, *Communication Theory*, *Communication Research*, *Public Opinion Quarterly*, *The International Journal of Press/Politics*, *Digital Journalism*, *New Media & Society*, *Information, Communication & Society*, *Journalism*, *Journalism Studies*, *Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication*, *International Journal of Communication*, *European Journal of Communication*, *Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media*, *Social Science Computer Review*, and *Computational Communication Research*. Our research has been funded by the DFG, NWO, BMFTR, DAAD, the state media authorities, and ARD and ZDF.

Overview

Leaders

Last update: 24.09.2026

Blog Articles, News, Projects, Publications, Podcast Episodes

Cover of the Publication
Education Study in Media Perspektiven

The Population’s View of ZDF’s Educational Function

A study on the educational mandate of the ZDF has for the first time examined the population's educational expectations and perceptions. Jan-Hinrik Schmidt, Uwe Hasebrink and Dieter Storll were involved in an advisory capacity in the design and evaluation of the study and have presented the core findings in detail in an article.

Portrait Michael Reiss
Congratulations

Communication on AI and Politics Awarded

Dr. Michael Reiss has been recognized for his outstanding communication on the topic of “AI and Politics” as part of the project “I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here!". Over a period of two weeks, about 350 students from 19 German-speaking schools in Germany and abroad exchanged ideas with 17 researchers on the influence of AI on political processes and democratic systems.

Auf schwarz-weißem Schachbrett stehen sich weiße und schwarze Figuren gegenüber
DAAD cooperation project

Mapping Polarization in News Media Content

How are polarizing topics reported in Germany and Australia – and does this reporting contribute to the polarization of political attitudes? The project examines how news content in both countries differs in its coverage of controversial issues – and whether this reporting contains potentially polarizing elements.

Cover of the Handbook Digital Journalism
Recently Published

Handbook of Digital Journalism

The second edition of the Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies offers a collection of 54 essays addressing current issues and debates in the field of digital journalism studies, including two articles by Julius Reimer / Wiebke Loosen and Lisa Merten.

Cover von Heft 1/2025 der Zeitschrift M&K
Available Open Access

Issue 1/2025 of M&K Published

Issue 1/2025 of our journal Media & Communication Studies (M&K) has been published, including articles on journalism in Germany in 2023, on the role of Google and YouTube in the dissemination of conspiracy theories, and on journalistic role expectations and ideals of social coexistence in the German population. All content can be downloaded for free from the Nomos eLibrary.

Cover of the journal Computational Communication Research
Open Access Article

Data Donations from Journalism

In their article “I Really Thought I Would Use More Than Just Google: Investigating Professional Journalistic Online Use with Browser History Donations”, Lisa Merten, Felix Victor Münch and Maren Schuster describe how the method of data donation can be used to investigate professional media use in journalism. The article was published in the open access journal Computational Communication Research.

Gruppenbild mit Judith Möller, Wolfgang Schulz und Kristina Hein
Personnel Matter

Judith Möller Appointed to the Board of Directors at the HBI

Prof. Dr Judith Möller will be the new director of the HBI from March 2025. This was decided by the Institute's Board of Trustees on 20 January 2025. Judith Möller holds the Chair of Empirical Communication Research, especially Media Use and Social Media Effects, which the HBI established together with the Universität Hamburg. With her appointment, she also becomes a member of the Foundation's Board of Trustees, which currently consists of Director Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulz and Commercial Director Kristina Hein.

Cover des Nomos-Handbuchs Journalismusforschung
Recently Published

Journalism Research

A new Nomos Handbook, edited by Thomas Hanitzsch, Wiebke Loosen and Annika Sehl, offers an insight into the diversity of research on journalism in its social context. It looks, among other things, at actors, organisations and institutions, as well as at news, how it is produced and how it is used. The volume reflects the thematic, theoretical and methodological diversity of research.

Portrait Jan-Ole Harfst
Blog Post on Verfassungsblog

Elections in a Fortified Platform Democracy

The integrity of the German parliamentary elections and future European elections has been and continues to be threatened by influence peddling via social networks. The Digital Services Act (DSA) is supposed to provide a remedy against election manipulation. In a blog post on the Verfassungsblog, Jan-Ole Harfst explains why Art. 34-35 of the DSA could hardly remedy the systemic risks of this federal election campaign.

Portrait Judith Möller
Article in Vogue Magazine

The Role of Social Media in Political Education

What opportunities and risks does social media pose for political education, especially during election campaigns? Prof. Dr. Judith Möller gave an interview to Julia Stelzner in the magazine “Vogue” and referred to her research at the HBI.

Deutschlandkarte auf dunklem Hintergrund
RISC Blog Article

Elon Musk, the AfD and the Agenda-Setting of the Radical Right in the 2025 German Federal Election

The article explains how Elon Musk's communication interventions increase the media presence of Alice Weidel and the AfD, and how these dynamics are driven by the mechanisms of the digital attention economy.

Cover der Zeitschrift "Youth and Society" Ausg. 1/2025
Article in the Journal Youth & Society

Information and Political Engagement Practices of Disadvantaged Youth

In the study “Disinterested and Disillusioned? Information and Political Engagement Practices of Young People from Disadvantaged Backgrounds”, the information and participation practices of young people with a low level of formal education are examined.

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